香港六合彩开奖结果

Vol. 20 No. 2 (2021)
Original Articles

Smoking and COVID 19: Analysing this controversy in a Brazilian COVID-19 Reference Centre

PDF
  • Thiago P. Bartholo,
  • Luis C. P么rto,
  • Claudia H. Costa,
  • Agnaldo Jos茅 Lopes,
  • Nadja P. Gra莽a,
  • Fernanda O. Chibante,
  • Elizabeth J. C. Bessa,
  • Alessandra S. Nunes,
  • Rog茅rio L. Rufino
DOI:

Published 2022-01-04

Keywords

  • COVID-19,
  • SARS-CoV-2,
  • Smoking,
  • Risk factor

How to Cite

1.
P. Bartholo T, C. P么rto L, H. Costa C, Jos茅 Lopes A, P. Gra莽a N, O. Chibante F, J. C. Bessa E, S. Nunes A, L. Rufino R. Smoking and COVID 19: Analysing this controversy in a Brazilian COVID-19 Reference Centre. BJHBS [Internet]. 2022 Jan. 4 [cited 2024 Oct. 12];20(2):105-8. Available from: /bjhbs/article/view/32

Copyright (c) 2021 香港六合彩开奖结果

This work is licensed under a .

Crossref
Scopus

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is ex-tremely important to determine the risk factors that define patients who are more susceptible to the severe form of the disease; however, the observation of supposedly pro-tective factors is also of great relevance. Smoking has been the subject of controversy as to whether it is a protective factor or a risk factor for COVID-19. Objective: To assess how smokers behave within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and methods: The participants in this study were a spontaneously recruited sample from the Rio de Janeiro State University COVID-19 Reference Centre, between March and May 2020. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and nasal swabs for the Sars-Cov-2 PCR investigation. Whenever it was the necessary case, patients were referred to hospitalization. Results: A total of 4,636 patients with suggestive symptoms of COVID were evalu-ated. There was 230 (4.9%) smokers in this group; there is a 10.3% smoking prevalence in the state of Rio de Janeiro as described in 2018. A number of 2,246 patients (48.6% of the total sample) were diagnosed with COVID-19, only 82 of these (3.7% of the total positive COVID) were smokers. Only 1 (0.01%) of the smokers with COVID-19 needed hospitalization. As far as the assessed symptoms, smokers showed fewer symptoms during the disease. Conclusion: The study suggests that smokers have fewer symptoms (mild or asymptomatic symptoms) and that there is a need to expand specific testing for that group.

PDF

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-1720. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
  2. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, et al. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206. doi:10.1111/joim.13091
  3. Hu Y, Sun J, Dai Z, et al. Prevalence and severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Virol. 2020;127:104371. doi:10.1016/j. jcv.2020.104371
  4. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281-286. doi:10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6
  5. Harapan H, Itoh N, Yufika A, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(5):667-673. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.019
  6. Brake SJ, Barnsley K, Lu W, et al. Smoking Upregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Receptor: A Potential Adhesion Site for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). J Clin Med. 2020;9(3):841. doi:10.3390/jcm9030841
  7. Miyara M, Tubach F, Pourcher V, et al. Low incidence of daily active tobacco smoking in patients with symptomatic COVID-19. Qeios. 2020.
  8. Jha P, Ramasundarahettige C, Landsman V, et al. 21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(4):341-350. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1211128
  9. Tsigaris P, Teixeira da Silva JA. Smoking Prevalence and COVID-19 in Europe. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1646-1649. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa12
  10. Vardavas CI, Nikitara K. COVID-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence. Tob Induc Dis. 2020;18:20. doi:10.18332/tid/119324
  11. Cai G, Boss茅 Y, Xiao F, et al. Tobacco Smoking Increases the Lung Gene Expression of ACE2, the Receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(12):1557-1559. doi:10.1164/rccm.202003-0693LE
  12. Leung JM, Niikura M, Yang CWT, et al. COVID-19 and COPD. Eur Respir J. 2020;56(2):2002108. doi:10.1183/13993003.02108-2020.
  13. World Health Organization. Smoking and COVID-19. Scientif Brief World Health Organization [cited 2020 May 26] Available from:
  14. Emami A, Javanmardi F, Pirbonyeh N, et al. Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020;8(1):e35.
  15. Farsalinos K, Barbouni A, Niaura R. Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?Internal and Emergency Medicine. 2020. May 9;1-8. https://doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02355-7
  16. Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, et al. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(2):e16-e25. doi:10.1016/j. jinf.2020.04.021
  17. Guo FR. Active smoking is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): An update of a meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis. 2020;18:37. doi:10.18332/tid/121915
  18. Zhao Q, Meng M, Kumar R, et al. The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;10.1002/jmv.25889. doi:10.1002/jmv.25889
  19. Le Bert N, Tan AT, Kunasegaran K, et al. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls. Nature. 2020;584(7821):457-462. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2550-z