  TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marcela P. Paula, 
AU  - Eline C. Romagna, 
AU  - Diogo M. F. Mattos, 
AU  - Karynne G. Lopes, 
AU  - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar, 
PY  - 2023/07/17
Y2  - 2024/10/12
TI  - Smoking in post-bariatric patients without regular medical follow-up and associated weight loss and regain: a cross-sectional study 
JF  - Ïã¸ÛÁùºÏ²Ê¿ª½±½á¹û
JA  - BJHBS
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SE  - Original Articles
DO  - 10.12957/bjhbs.2023.76948
UR  - /bjhbs/article/view/58
SP  - 23-29
AB  - &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;Obesity and smoking are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;reduced&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;quality of life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;premature&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun Highlight SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;mortality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;The relationship between smoking and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;body weight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; changes in patients who underwent bariatric surgery is unclear&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;Objective: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun Highlight SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;We &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;studied&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;post-bariatric patients without any current medical follow-up and compared smokers &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;TextRun Highlight SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;non-smokers &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;with regard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; to weight loss and regain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;Met&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;ho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;dology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;Ninety-four patients post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=80) or Sleeve gastrectomy (n=14), aged 42Â±9 years, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;body mass index (BMI)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;=32.9Â±6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;5kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;/m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun Superscript SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; data-fontsize=&quot;12&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; were recruited in public outpatient care and allocated into &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;two &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;groups according to time since surgery &amp;lt; or â‰¥&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;5 years (G&amp;lt;5y or Gâ‰¥5y, respectively). They were further divided into smokers or non-smokers. Clinical history, physical examination, anthropometric&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; and hemodynamics measurements were obtained&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;. Results: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;The prevalence &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; smoking was 12.8%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;BMI, neck circumference, pre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;-surgical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; BMI, and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;rate of weight regain (RWR)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; were higher in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;Gâ‰¥5y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; than in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;G&amp;lt;5y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;â‰¤&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;0.03&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; No differences in excess weight loss (EWL) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;were observed &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;between smokers &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;non-smokers in both groups (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;â‰¥&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;0.15). Higher RWR was detected in non-smokers in G&amp;lt;5y (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;=0.03), while no differences between smokers &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;non-smokers were found for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;RWR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; in Gâ‰¥5y (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;EN&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;0.37)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;Smoking habits &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;do &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;not &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;appear &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;to influence weight loss &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;after &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;surgery. However, a higher weight regain was detected in non-smokers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt; who had less than 5 years since surgery&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCXW228063752 BCX0&quot; data-ccp-props=&quot;{&amp;quot;201341983&amp;quot;:0,&amp;quot;335551550&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;335551620&amp;quot;:6,&amp;quot;335559739&amp;quot;:240,&amp;quot;335559740&amp;quot;:360}&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
ER  -